{"id":1475,"date":"2018-11-27T13:24:23","date_gmt":"2018-11-27T20:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/?p=1475"},"modified":"2018-11-27T13:25:16","modified_gmt":"2018-11-27T20:25:16","slug":"how-seeds-get-around","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/science\/how-seeds-get-around\/","title":{"rendered":"How Seeds Get Around"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Every plant needs water, space, and sunlight to grow. Seeds dropped straight to the ground near adult plants face strong competition for these resources. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the most inventive strategies used by nature to enhance survival have evolved to ensure plant seeds are dispersed in ways that enhance their chances for germination. These mechanisms vary from the simple use of gravity, wind, and water (singly or in combination) to move seeds, to the more complex adaptation of explosive pods that jettison seeds long distances. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wind Dispersal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wind can carry seeds a long distance away from the parent plant depending on the size or weight of the seed. Plants like dandelions, milkweed, and cottonwood trees take advantage of tufts of hairs attached to their seeds called pappi. These pappi catch wind like little parachutes, allowing seeds to sail as far as 100 miles propelled by the wind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many conifers and deciduous trees like maple, sycamore, and ash have papery wings attached to their seeds that help them stay aloft in the wind long enough to move far away from the parent tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Russian thistle bush dries out at the end of the growing season and separates from its roots, giving us the wind-blown tumbleweed famous in western cowboy films. Each time the dead plant bounces against an obstacle,some of its more than 200,000 seeds are scattered onto surrounding soil.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Water Dispersal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This primary mechanism for moving seeds is more common to tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Large seed pods from coconut and mangrove trees can survive many miles of travel in water before landing on distant sandbars and sprouting seedlings. Plants like cattails and willows that thrive in or near aquatic habitats produce seeds that first are dispersed by wind but can move in currents if they land in water. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biotic Dispersal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Animals of all kinds play important roles in distributing seeds. Mice, deer, squirrels, foxes, and bears eat seeds that travel through their digestive systems and excrete them in nutrient-rich scat piles throughout their habitats. Insects and bugs carry seeds that have fallen to nests where many of them sprout before they are utilized. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Birds eat fleshy fruits to obtain the nutrient-rich pulp that surrounds the seeds, but the seeds themselves are usually excreted by the birds in feces dropped miles from the parent plant. The Clark\u2019s nutcracker flies up to 1,000 miles each year with its mouth full of pinyon pine or lodgepole pine seeds that it hides along the way, burying as many as 100,000 seeds in 30,000 different locations. Although the nutcracker is very efficient at locating these seeds when hungry, the ones it forgets often sprout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other seeds are covered by attachments with sharp, spiked ends or barbs that cling tenaciously to fur, feathers, or pant legs and are transported away from the parent plant before being dislodged to the ground. Interestingly, the hooked spikes on the seed-containing fruits of the burdock plant served as the inspiration for Velcro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explosive Dispersal <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one of the most fascinating methods of seed dispersal.\u00a0 Plants in this category, like the parasitic dwarf mistletoe that grows on western conifer trees, produce seedpods that warp as they mature and dry out. This warping creates spring-like tension on the pod sheaths which ultimately burst with enough force to ballistically launch mucous-covered seeds at 60 miles-per-hour for up to 50 feet. Orange jewelweed and scotch broom employ similar mechanisms to disject seeds away from parent plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So the next time you are angrily pulling cockleburs from your socks after a hike, chuckle a bit at the role you have played in a survival process that is millions of years old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/black-bear.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"1024\" data-lbwps-height=\"710\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/black-bear-300x208.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"710\" src=\"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/black-bear-1024x710.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/black-bear.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/black-bear-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/black-bear-768x533.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Look closely and you can see seeds catching a ride on this fur of this black bear.  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Every plant needs water, space, and sunlight to grow. Seeds dropped straight to the ground near adult plants face strong competition for these resources. Some of the most inventive strategies used by nature to enhance survival have evolved to ensure plant seeds are dispersed in ways that enhance their chances for germination. These mechanisms vary [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[48],"class_list":["post-1475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-winter-2018"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Seeds Get Around - Images<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/science\/how-seeds-get-around\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Seeds Get Around - Images\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Every plant needs water, space, and sunlight to grow. 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But no matter their shape or how they split open to spread their contents, all these vessels serve a single purpose: to safely house and later disperse seeds to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nature Studies&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nature Studies","link":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/category\/nature-studies\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Collage of plants highlighting their pods and seeds.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMAGES-WEBSITE-FEATURED-IMAGE.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMAGES-WEBSITE-FEATURED-IMAGE.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMAGES-WEBSITE-FEATURED-IMAGE.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMAGES-WEBSITE-FEATURED-IMAGE.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMAGES-WEBSITE-FEATURED-IMAGE.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3005,"url":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/nature-detectives\/discover-secrets-of-seeds\/","url_meta":{"origin":1475,"position":1},"title":"Discover Secrets of Seeds!","author":"Summer Alameel","date":"12\/01\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"What are seeds? What do they look like? What\u2019s that big thing at the center of your peach and plum? What are those little hard brown things inside your apple core? Yes, those are seeds. The baby plants inside them ready to unfold and grow into a new apple, peach\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nature Detectives&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nature Detectives","link":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/category\/nature-detectives\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Nature Detectives wordmark with an apple cut in half showing the seeds","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/nd-seeds.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/nd-seeds.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/nd-seeds.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/nd-seeds.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/nd-seeds.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2220,"url":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/land-management\/whats-with-all-the-weeds\/","url_meta":{"origin":1475,"position":2},"title":"What\u2019s With All the Weeds","author":"Staff","date":"09\/01\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"If you\u2019ve been to Heil Valley Ranch since it reopened to the public in June, you\u2019ve probably noticed the profusion of weeds, especially thistles and mullein. Although mullein, thistles, and other invasive weed species were present before the Cal-Wood Fire in October 2020, they are especially prevalent on the post-fire\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Land Management&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Land Management","link":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/category\/land-management\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Weeds along a trail at Heil Valley Ranch.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/weeds-at-heil.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/weeds-at-heil.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/weeds-at-heil.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/weeds-at-heil.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/weeds-at-heil.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/weeds-at-heil.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2224,"url":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/nature-detectives\/a-maize-ing-corn\/","url_meta":{"origin":1475,"position":3},"title":"A-maize-ing Corn","author":"Staff","date":"09\/01\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Hello Everyone! I\u2019m a corn plant in a corn garden and I\u2019ll be your corn guide for this Nature Detectives pullout! What\u2019s a corn garden? A block of corn plants all growing together in someone\u2019s backyard or an empty lot or at a community center. All corn plants like to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nature Detectives&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nature Detectives","link":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/category\/nature-detectives\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Nature Detectives Corn","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/corn.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/corn.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/corn.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/corn.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/corn.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/corn.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2039,"url":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/land-management\/beating-the-cheater-invasive-species\/","url_meta":{"origin":1475,"position":4},"title":"Beating the Cheater: Invasive Species","author":"Staff","date":"09\/01\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"When looking out over the grasslands that make up about half of Boulder County, you may notice clumps of maroon and gold grasses dotting the landscape, sometimes dominating the whole area. The plant is commonly known as cheatgrass; and although it has become a familiar sight in the West, it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Land Management&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Land Management","link":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/category\/land-management\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Cheatgrass treatment at Hall Ranch","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cheatgrass-hall.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cheatgrass-hall.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cheatgrass-hall.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cheatgrass-hall.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/cheatgrass-hall.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1570,"url":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/park-visitors\/give-weeds-the-brush-off\/","url_meta":{"origin":1475,"position":5},"title":"Give Weeds the Brush Off","author":"Staff","date":"05\/22\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Boulder County recently installed boot brush stations at trailheads to encourage hikers, volunteers, and Parks & Open Space workers to brush off their boots when entering and exiting trails. The boot brush stations mitigate the spread of invasive and unwanted plant species, promoting conservation, environmental protection, and biodiversity. Preventing the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Park Visitors&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Park Visitors","link":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/category\/park-visitors\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Boot brush station","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/boot-brush-station.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/boot-brush-station.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/boot-brush-station.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/boot-brush-station.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/boot-brush-station.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1475"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1479,"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1475\/revisions\/1479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1476"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bouldercountyopenspace.org\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}